bisphenol a epoxy resin chemical formula

NIEHS intramural scientists have defined descriptive terms of particular relevance to their own research, and have ranked those terms accordingly. This compound is synthesized by the condensation of acetone with phenol. NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public. The chemical formula of Bisphenol A is C15H16O2. [3]NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Bisphenol A, NIH Publication No. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found detectable levels of BPA in 93% of 2517 urine samples from people six years and older. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. [96] The solubility of BPA in water is low (~300g/ton of water)[2] but this is still sufficient to make it a significant means of distribution into the environment. To address these questions the National Toxicology Program, partnering with FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research is carrying out in-depth studies to answer key questions and clarify uncertainties about BPA. In particular, infants are considered to be at greater risk,[83] leading to bans on the use of BPA in baby bottles and related products by the US,[84] Canada,[85] and EU[86] amongst others. Extensive scientific dataabout BPA provides consumers with information about BPA safety and help put public confusion about BPA into perspective: If I buy a BPA-free product, is it safer? For additional information about products that might contain bisphenol A epoxy resin, go to the Household Product Database online (http:/householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov) at the . Studies are different, and all are not of the same quality. It is the lowest molecular weight epoxy resins, and also used as the packaging material for coatings, adhesives, insulating paints, semiconductors, and integrated circuits and other electronic components. The FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research is continuing with an additional study: Rodent chronic toxicity study, which is currently underway. When the low-molecular-weight bisphenol A epoxy resin is continuously reacted with bisphenol A, the obtained bisphenol A epoxy resin has a high polymerization with a relative molecular mass 1400 or more. bisphenol A type Epoxy resin depending on the molecular weight and degree of polymerization n, the resin is yellow to amber transparent viscous liquid (or solid), the average molecular weight in the production of 300~700, n; 2, softening point below 50 is called low molecular weight epoxy resin (I. E. Soft resin); Molecular weight above 1000, n>2, those having a softening point above 60 C. The reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a sulfonated polystyrene resin. Parents and caregivers can make the personal choice to reduce exposures of their infants and children to BPA: This content is available to use on your website. FDA can take this action on its own initiative or in response to a food additive petition that demonstrates that a use of a food additive has been permanently and completely abandoned. Food cans and other metal containers may be coated with epoxy resin linings made with BPA to help prevent direct food contact with metal, which helps protect food from contamination and spoilage. Product. [7] Thus, in bisphenol F, the F signifies formaldehyde. When possible, opt for glass, porcelain or stainless steel containers, particularly for hot food or liquids. [11] www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/bisphenol/en/, An official website of the United States government, : In 2008 FDA released a document titled Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications. In addition, FDA actively supported and participated in the Expert Consultation on BPA convened by World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on November 2-5, 2010, in Ottawa, Canada. Therefore, they are effective adhesion for most substrates such as glass, ceramics, silicon wafers, and polymer materials. Comparatively minor amounts of BPA are also used as additives or modifiers in some commodity plastics. [22] BPA-free plastics have also been introduced, which are manufactured using alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, but there is also controversy around whether these are actually safer. It is classified as a bisphenol, and a close molecular analog of Bisphenol A (BPA). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Background. FDA can make regulatory changes based on new safety or usage information. In the United States, FDA is the agency charged with this review for food contact applications. a) Churchwell MI, Camacho L, Vanlandingham MM, Twaddle NC, Sepehr E, Delclos KB, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. This process, also known as a one-step process, is commonly used for the preparation of low and medium molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resins. Every day, people are exposed to a variety of activities or products that could, under certain circumstances, cause harm. Commercial production of BPA requires distillation either extraction of BPA from many resinous byproducts under high vacuum or solvent-based extraction using additional phenol followed by distillation. Its optical clarity allows direct observation of blood or other fluids to monitor proper flow. Developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic models that can be used to predict the level of internal exposure to the active and inactive forms of BPA. Published September 2022. Products made from BPA meet high-performance demands. It is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of phenol with one equivalent of acetone. Order: 200 kg Qingdao Cemo Technology Develop Co., Ltd. [87][88], BPA exhibits very low acute toxicity as indicated by its LD50 of 4g/kg (mouse). Copyright 2022 ChemicalBook. NIEHS provides many opportunities for funding to individual researchers, organizations, and businesses. The epoxide resins (also widely known as epoxy resins and, occasionally, as ethoxyline resins) are characterised by the possession of more than one 1,2-epoxy group (I) per molecule. Singapore 069535, 6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, BPA. This petition demonstrated, from publicly available information and information collected from industry sources, that the use of BPA-based epoxy resins as coatings in packaging for infant formula had been abandoned. Chemical name (IUPAC): 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, oligomeric reaction products with 1 -chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, esters with acrylic acid . The .gov means its official. Another reason for concern, especially for parents, may be because some animal studies report effects in fetuses and newborns exposed to BPA. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a diphenylmethane derivative, commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and various other plastic-based consumer products. PubChem CID 24754; . [98], In all cases, wastewater treatment can be highly effective at removing BPA, giving reductions of 9198%. Found that primates (including humans) of all ages effectively metabolize and excrete BPA much more rapidly and efficiently than rodents. Epub 2014 Feb 4. b) Delclos KB, Camacho L, Lewis SM, Vanlandingham MM, Latendresse JR, Olson GR, Davis KJ, Patton RE, Gamboa da Costa G, Woodling KA, Bryant MS, Chidambaram M, Trbojevich R, Juliar BE, Felton RP, Thorn BT. [5] https://www.regulations.gov/docket/FDA-2010-N-0100. MAIN APPLICATIONS Bisphenol A Epoxy is widely used in the manufacture of: Epoxy resins; Phenolic resins . . The original approvals for BPA were issued under FDAs food additive regulations and date from the 1960s. BPA can both mimic the action of estrogen and antagonise estrogen, indicating that it is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) or partial agonist of the ER. Epoxy resins made with BPA are tough and readily adhere to metal surfaces, making them excellent materials for protective coatings. Use a solvent mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (volume ratio 3:1) a developing solvent to purify it by column chromatography according to the above procedure to obtain DGEBA. For more chemical safety facts, follow us on social media. just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this page will help. Polycarbonate plastic provides the benefit of long-lasting transparency and durability in new, design-inspired LED lighting in vehicles. What is the formula of phenol formaldehyde resin? (sometimes called a dimer) is called bisphenol F, which is an important monomer in the production of epoxy resins. In the fall of 2014, FDA experts from across the agency, specializing in toxicology, analytical chemistry, endocrinology, epidemiology, and other fields, completed a four-year review of more than 300 scientific studies. Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid phase belonging to the diphenylmethane group and is soluble in organic solvents but poorly dissolves in water (0.344 % wt. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) is a pale yellow liquid epoxy compound formed by the polycondensation of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A (BPA). [4] The studies were evaluated for their relevance for regulatory hazard and/or risk assessment. Regardless, due to the scientific uncertainty, many jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce exposure on a precautionary basis. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic. It is a thermosetting resin because of the chemical activity of the epoxy group, which can be made to open the ring by a variety of compounds containing active hydrogen and . Because of these attributes, polycarbonate is used in a wide variety of common products including digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs), electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, and many other products. [95] BPA in sediment degrades most slowly of all, particularly where this is anaerobic. Although many studies have been performed, these often focus on a limited range of model organisms and can use BPA concentrations well beyond environmental levels. Polycarbonate plastic is used to make hard plastic items, such as baby bottles, re-useable water bottles, food containers, pitchers, tableware and other storage containers. The internal rotation function of the ether bond increases the flexibility of the molecule, and the hydroxyl group enhances the chemical reactivity and the bonding ability, the epoxy group cross-links molecules into a three-dimensional network structure by reacting with a curing agent. Sign in to download full-size image [22][17][72], The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate,[12][13][14] with PubMed listing more than 16,000 scientific papers as of 2022. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. What Does U.S. Government Research Tell Us About BPA? Bottle producers have largely switched from polycarbonate to polypropylene and there is some evidence that BPA exposure in infants has decreased as a result of this. [48] BPA is a major component of several high-performance plastics, the production of these is low compared to other plastics but still equals several thousand tons a year. The ACC mark, Responsible Care, the hands logo mark, CHEMTREC, TRANSCAER, and americanchemistry.com are registered service marks of the American Chemistry Council, Inc. May also be known as: Polycarbonate, Epoxy Resins. The study orally dosed pregnant rodents with 100-1000 times more BPA than people are exposed to through food, and could not detect the active form of BPA in the fetus 8 hours after the mother's exposure. Bisphenol-F can further link generating tri- and tetra-and higher phenol oligomers. Distillation and vacuum distillation are used to remove toluene and unreacted epichlorohydrin, respectively. Supplier. [12] A common criticism is that industry-sponsored trials tend to show BPA as being safer than studies performed by academic or government laboratories,[14][75] although this has also been explained in terms of industry studies being better designed. [66][67][68] The primary source of human exposure is via food, as epoxy and PVC are used to line the inside of food cans to prevent corrosion of the metal by acidic foodstuffs. Epoxy Composites: Additives for High Performance, Epoxy Resins: A to Z Technical Review of Thermosetting Polymer, Synthesis of Epoxy Monomer from Bisphenol A and Epichlorohydrin, Be the first to comment on "Epoxy Resins: A to Z Technical Review of Thermosetting Polymer", carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBNs), Powdered metals to improve electrical and thermal conductivity, Silica for cost reduction, and strength enhancement, Talc and calcium carbonate cost reduction, Carbon and graphite powders to increase lubricity, Particle characteristics (size, share, surface area), Extremely strong and good flexural strength, The hardener and the temperature determine epoxy resin cure time, Resistant to wear, cracking, peeling, corrosion and damage from chemical and environmental degradation, Has a bonding strength of up to 2,000 psi, Generally, costs slightly less than epoxy resin, Off-gases VOCs and has strong, flammable fumes, Bonding strength of polyester resin is generally less than 500 psi, Once cured, polyester resin is water permeable, meaning water can pass through it eventually, Better adhesive properties (the ability to bond to the reinforcement or core), Superior mechanical properties (particularly strength and stiffness), Improved resistance to fatigue and micro cracking, Reduced degradation from water ingress (diminution of properties due to water penetration), Increased resistance to osmosis (surface degradation due to water permeability), Natural oil-based (soybean, linseed, castor). The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Research studies pursued by FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research have [6]: Found evidence in rodent studies that the level of the active form of BPA passed from expectant mothers to their unborn offspring, following oral exposure, was so low it could not be measured. 2012 May-Jun;34(3):331-7. l) Patterson TA, Twaddle NC, Roegge CS, Callicott RJ, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. Concurrent determination of bisphenol A pharmacokinetics in maternal and fetal rhesus monkeys. Bisphenol F (BPF) based epoxy resins are more flexible than that of BPA-based epoxies. 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