A scrawny female figure in the background appears to be a skull-faced depiction of Britannia, grown thin and solitary through endless pursuit of war. On the left, Minerva, goddess of wisdom and Western civilization, witnesses the debut. Become Member of The image exhibits a racist hierarchy that places a dominant white American male in the center, and on the fringes, an African-American washing the windows and Native-American reading a primer upside down. Germanys Kaiser Wilhelm II appears as an anointed leader, his angel wings made of swords, astride a cannon dragged by clerics and missionaries toward foreign lands. Confucius, Missionary banner (Allied forces flags): Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them. Un treillage de fer travers par un courant lectrique est la plus saine et la plus sre des cltures. Lifes satire of the white mans burden mystique offers a procession of the supporters of the new imperialism beginning with missionaries and ending with the traveling salesman. Chinas Worn Out Traditionsrepresented by the queue hairstyle required during the Qing dynastyare about to be cut with the shears of 19th Century Progress., Nearly two years later, in the midst of the Boxer Uprising, Puck was still resorting to the same sort of stereotyped juxtaposition. An Atlantic Triangle in the 1900s: Theodore Roosevelts special relationships with France and Britain., Spencer, David R. No Laughing Matter. In a run of 13 lithographs published in the July 4, 1900 issue of the French periodicalLAssiette au Beurre, the cartoonist Ren Georges Hermann-Paul was especially incisive in calling attention to this grim reality. (The artist signed his name on the grave on the lower right.). Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Even the Civil War is referenced, in a wall plaque: The Confederate States refused their consent to be governed; but the Union was preserved without their consent. Refuting the right of indigenous rule was based on demonstrating a populations lack of preparation for self-governance. Lucky Filipinos: the Philippine-American War. Few new vessels were commissioned until the 1880s when the first battleships were built,U.S.S. American Imperialism (New York: Arno Press, 1970). Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University, A white, feminine personification of Civilization (written on her cloak) radiates light over the aged figure of China (written on his hem) running away and shielding himself with a parasol. We had no design of aggrandizement and no ambition of conquest. Hawaii and Porto Rico are model female students. ), Is This Imperialism?: the Boxer Uprising. The Poet, the President & The White Mans Burden, Rudyard Kiplings poem that begins with the line Take up the White Mans burden was published in the United States in the February, 1899 issue ofMcClures Magazine, as the American war against the First Philippine Republic began to escalate. [Read Online], Vaughan, Christopher. Brewer, Susan. To the Person Sitting in Darkness.. An iron railing through which an electric current runs is the healthiest and safest of fences. 8, No. Although these magazines were affiliated with different political partiesthe Democratic Party and Republican Party respectivelyboth generally supported pro-expansionist policies. In a strikingJudgegraphic, an Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade lights a pathway through the darkness, leading with a gun and the message: Force if Necessary. Overladen with manufactured goods and modern technology, the vehicle is driven by a resolute Uncle Sam. Expert Help. Udo Keppler, a Puck cartoonist who was still in his twenties at the time, was more benign in his rendering of the great rapprochement. Vol. 4, pp. 14-27 (May-June 1999). This belief was strengthened with literary works such as The White Mans Burden written in 1899 by British novelist and poet Rudyard Kipling. BritanniaDaughter! The Origins of the Boxer Uprising(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987). The Philippines are diminished as Only the Stepping-Stone that enables the U.S. to reach the eagerly anticipated China market. Tough the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 10, 1902. Pro-imperialist cartoons often depicted the West as literally shining the light of civilization and progress on barbaric peoples. [Read Online]. Think It Over. Along with his burden of steel, trains, sewing machines, and other industrial goods, Uncle Sam carries a book titled Education, Religion in a nod to the rhetoric of moral uplift that accompanied the commercial goals of the civilizing mission. A Red-Letter Day. 27-1-09 (July 6, 2009). XII, No. Uncle Sam breaks up a fight between students identified as Cuban Ex-Patriot and Guerilla in his New Class in the Art of Self-Government. The famous white-haired general, Mximo Gmez, a master of insurgency tactics in the Cuban Independence War (18951898) reads a book with his name on it. ), In an image titled, Vers le Camp de Reconcentration (To the Concentration Camp), women and children are dragged off by British soldiers. The U.S. follows Britains imperial lead carrying people from Barbarism at the base of the hill to Civilization at its summit. He is greeted with open arms by a mandarin and Wanted signs articulating prodigious opportunities for business. The Centre for Research on Globalization will not be responsible for any inaccurate or incorrect statement in this article. Source:William H. Walker Cartoon Collection, Princeton University Library. The caption quotes one of the presidents speeches: Teaching them the truth of the common fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, and showing that if we are not our brothers keepers we can be our brothers helpers. [Read Online]. 202-212 (September 2010). Opposing viewpoints usually found expression in simpler but no less powerful black-and-white graphics in other publications. The second was the U.S. conquest and occupation of the Philippines that began in 1899. It is all too easy to assume that Americans, English, and others on the home front could not see what their nations were doing overseas. 167-165, The American Peace Society, Boston, (December, 1989). The argument follows Englands example, as spelled out on the blackboard, that By not waiting for their consent, she has greatly advanced the worlds civilization. An African-American washes windows. The book on the desk reads: U.S. The cartoon links might with right, as the cannon is pushed and dragged forward by clergy identified by their headgear: skullcap, biretta, clerical hat, top hat, and distinctive English-style shovel hat. I relegated an escort. The phrase White Mans Burden caught on with many imperialists to justify the policy as noble. The word Civilization (with a capital C), alongside Progress, was counterposed against the words barbarism, barbarians, and barbarity, with accompanying visual stereotypes. Xiang, Lanxin. In this 1898 cartoon, Britannia (Great Britain) welcomes Columbia (the United States) as an estranged daughter and new imperialist partner. western leaders perspective on the white man's burden. The French caption mocks British hypocrisy in officially praising the humanitarian behavior of their armed forces. Having purchased the Philippines from Spain per the Treaty of Paris for $20 million, the Americans then had to fight Filipino resisters to benevolent assimilation. The Philippine-American War dragged on with a large number of Filipino fatalities, shocking Americans unused to foreign wars. Uncle Sams New Class in the Art of Self-Government. W. A. Rogers,Harpers Weekly: A Journal of Civilization, August 27, 1898. The War Prayer begins with a preacher praising the nations just and holy war, and leading his congregation in praying for victory. It allows prisoners to enjoy the view from the outside and have the illusion of freedom (Official Report to the War Office. There should be no problem designing a flag for the conquered Philippines, he opined in drawing his biting essay to a close: we can have just our usual flag, with the white stripes painted black and the stars replaced by the skull and cross-bones.. Blocking its uphill path, the Chinese dragon crawls downhill bearing a Boxer waving a bloody sword and banner reading 400 Million Barbarians. The image puts progress and primitivism on a collision course at the edge of a cliff. The caption at their feet exclaims United We Stand for Civilization and Peace!, United We Stand for Civilization and Peace! Louis Dalrymple,Puck, June 8, 1898. In many cases they resisted through uprisings and rebellions and felt that they should be free to govern themselves. What did the public back home know about the fighting of these far-off wars? Misery Loves Company: Parallel Colonial Wars (1899-1902). 11, Issue 40, No. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. Death to all Schools but Ours. The last marcher holds up Drummers Samples, referring to the traveling salesmen of business and commerce. Le Silence (Concentration Camps in the Transvaal. In this blatantly racist rendering, Americas newly subjugated people appear far more primitive and barbaric than the older empires load. The president of the First Philippine Republic, Emilio Aguinaldo, is portrayed as a barefoot savage, wild hair escaping from a dunce cap. A year later,Judgemagazine published a two-page cartoon by Victor Gillam that sets the contemporary civilization versus barbarism debate against a grand panorama of historical carnage. The satirical weekly,Simplicissimus, flourished from 1896 to 1967 with a hiatus from 1944 to 1954. This early outburst of what we refer to today as clash-of-civilizations thinking did not go unchallenged, however. Americas recent subjugated populations are savage, unruly, and rebelliousliterally visually half devil and half child, as Kipling would have it. In all likelihood, it was an internal malfunction, but many Americans blamed the Spanish and rallied behind the slogan Remember theMaine, to Hell with Spain. The United States declared war on Spain on April 20, and the fury kindled by the sinking of theMainewas appeased by a great U.S. naval victory on the other side of the world two and a half months later. 203228. The U.S. policy of benevolent neutrality supported Britain in the Boer War with large war loans, exports of military supplies, and diplomatic assistance for British POWs. In Pucks October 19, 1898 cover, Civilization holds China by his queue, labeled Worn Out Traditions, ready to cut it off with the shears of 19th Century Progress. The helpless mandarin tries to run away. Child, as Kipling would have it progress and primitivism on a collision course at the base the! Lassiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901 bloody sword and banner reading 400 Million.! 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