)56.91% of GDP (2018 est. History of Ukraine. Ukraine had experienced a brief period of independence in 191820, but portions of western Ukraine were ruled by Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia in the period between the two World Wars, and Ukraine thereafter became part of the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (S.S.R.). Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. U.S. citizens in Ukraine: follow Embassy Kyiv and TravelGov on Twitter, and complete this form so we can communicate with you. We are at war, so content is tightly moderated to keep our community safe. note: data are in current year dollars, China 13%, Russia 12%, Germany 10%, Poland 9%, Belarus 7% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, coal, natural gas (2019), $30.967 billion (31 December 2021 est. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. )investment in inventories: 4.7% (2017 est. Stay on top of Russia-Ukraine war latest developments on the ground with Al Jazeeras fact-based news, exclusive video footage, photos and updated maps. The Crimean Mountains front the southern edges of the Crimean Peninsula, and some lower, heavily-eroded mountains extend intoRussiajust north of the Sea of Azov. It is situated both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the earth. Numerous waterfalls are found in both the Carpathian and Crimean Mountains. Russian invasion of Find Out More. Find Out More. Larger saline lakes occur along the coast. Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east, total: 603,550 sq kmland: 579,330 sq kmwater: 24,220 sq kmnote: approximately 43,133 sq km, or about 7.1% of Ukraine's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Crimea and about one-third of both Luhans'k and Donets'k oblasts, almost four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas, total: 5,581 kmborder countries (6): Belarus 1,111 km; Hungary 128 km; Moldova 1,202 km; Poland 498 km; Romania 601 km; Russia 1,944 km, Slovakia 97 km, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation, temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south, mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula, highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 mlowest point: Black Sea 0 mmean elevation: 175 m, iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land, agricultural land: 71.2% (2018 est. )consumption: 41.181 million metric tons (2020 est. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraines heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. Ukraine has been asking for such tanks since nearly the start of Russias invasion. Invest in Ukraine already today reap the rewards in the nearest future. )female: 11.5% (2020 est. West of the Volyn-Podilsk Upland, in extreme western Ukraine, the parallel ranges of the Carpathian Mountainsone of the most picturesque areas in the countryextend for more than 150 miles (240 km). A fully independent Ukraine emerged only late in the 20th century, after long periods of successive domination by Poland-Lithuania, Russia, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). ), conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Ukrainelocal long form: nonelocal short form: Ukrainaformer: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republicetymology: name derives from the Old East Slavic word "ukraina" meaning "borderland or march (militarized border region)" and began to be used extensively in the 19th century; originally Ukrainians referred to themselves as Rusyny (Rusyns, Ruthenians, or Ruthenes), an endonym derived from the medieval Rus state (Kyivan Rus), name: Kyiv (Kiev)geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 Etime difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in Octoberetymology: the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after himnote: pronounced KAY-yiv, 24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities** (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol), Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro), Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnytskyi), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol**, Sumy, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Volyn (Lutsk), Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyrnote 1: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); plans include the eventual renaming of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts, but because these names are mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, the change will require a constitutional amendment note 2: the US Government does not recognize Russia's illegal annexation of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol, nor their redesignation as the "Republic of Crimea" and the "Federal City of Sevastopol"; neither does the US Government recognize Russia's claimed annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts, 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. A peaceful mass protest referred to as the "Orange Revolution" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 700 bbl/day (2018 est. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraines key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. WebLocated in Central Eastern Europe, Ukraine () represents the largest European country by territory in that part of the world. Ukraine, country located in eastern Europe, the second largest on the continent after Russia. )expenditures: 31.55 billion (2017 est. Because of its fertile and rich farmlands and agriculture breadbaskets, the country is one of the largest exporters of grain internationally. U.S. citizens in Ukraine: follow Embassy Kyiv and TravelGov on Twitter, and complete this form so we can communicate with you. ), forest revenues: 0.34% of GDP (2018 est. Ukraines President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Monday evening that he had been briefed by military and intelligence chiefs on Russias plans in the east and south of the country. Fitch rating: B (2019)Moody's rating: B3 (2020)Standard & Poors rating: B (2019)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Ukraine occupies the southwestern portion of the Russian Plain (East European Plain). )wind: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. It gained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Small saltwater lakes occur in the Black Sea Lowland and in Crimea. The middle course of the Donets River, a tributary of the Don, flows through southeastern Ukraine and is an important source of water for the Donets Basin (Donbas). Several of the larger rivers are navigable, including the Dnieper, Danube, Dniester, Pripet (Prypyat), Donets, and Southern Buh (in its lower course). The Black Sea Coastal Lowlands cover the southern edges of the country. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. ), revenues: 29.82 billion (2017 est. )note: this is the planned, consolidated budget, 58.72% of GDP (2020 est. The Crimean Mountains form the southern coast of the peninsula. The capital is Kyiv, located on the Dnieper River in north-central Ukraine. )$114.449 billion (2018 est. Of the total course of the Dnieper, 609 miles (980 km) are in Ukraine, making it by far the longest river in the country, of which it drains more than half. Who was Denys Monastyrskyy, Ukraines interior minister? )arable land: 56.1% (2018 est. Ukraine, country located in eastern Europe, the second largest on the continent after Russia. Two weeks later, a "referendum" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. ), hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -27.286 (2021 est. Will Ukraine interior ministers death cut reforms short? Ukraines Zelenskyy invites Chinas President Xi for dialogue, Ukraine mourns latest tragedy as Putin promises Russian victory. ), total: 7.33 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 6.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. Three large artesian basinsthe Volyn-Podilsk, the Dnieper, and the Black Seaare exceptionally important for municipal needs and agriculture as well. Ukraine | Today's latest from Al Jazeera Ukraine Russia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 325 As the Russia-Ukraine war enters its 325th day, we take a look at ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.8%female: 99.7% (2015), total: 15 yearsmale: 15 yearsfemale: 15 years (2014), total: 16.5%male: 16.3%female: 16.7% (2021 est. Kiev is the chief cultural and industrial center of Eastern Europe. Russian Updates? ), note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Eastern Europe; Ukraine is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 5.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The country's highest point is located there, Hoverla Mountain, at 2061 m (6762 ft) tall. Known as limans, these bodies of water form at the mouths of rivers or ephemeral streams and are blocked off by sandbars from the sea. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. White House announces more )other: 12% (2018 est. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. WebUkraine - The Latest News from the UK and Around the World | Sky News Ukraine Eyewitness Soledar may have fallen - but Ukraine says Russia has lost large number of troops for not much gain Eyewitness Culture of silence as Russians warned of being pawns in propaganda battle 4:05 What Russia's Soledar push means Podcast U.S. citizens seeking to depart Ukraine can call 1-833-741-2777 (in the U.S.) or 1-606-260-4379 (from overseas). )9.13% (2020 est. One of the largest is Lake Svityaz, 11 square miles (28 square km) in area, in the northwest. Invest in Ukraine. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. To the west and southwest, partly draining Ukrainian territory, the Dniester (Dnistro) also flows into the Black Sea; among its numerous tributaries, the largest in Ukraine are the Stryy and the Zbruch. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Kyiv (Kiev) and Sevastopol are two municipalities of special status. Because of its fertile and rich farmlands and agriculture breadbaskets, the country is one of the largest exporters of grain internationally. The latest news as Russian president Vladimir Putin could soon decide to escalate the crisis at the Ukraine-Russia border and invade Ukraine. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea borders Ukraine to the south. Invest in Ukraine already today reap the rewards in the nearest future. The mountains range in height from about 2,000 feet (600 metres) to about 6,500 feet (2,000 metres), rising to 6,762 feet (2,061 metres) at Mount Hoverla, the highest point in the country. Dont believe the hype; tanks are still vital for Ukraine, Ukraine helicopter crash: What we know so far, Photos: Ukraine interior minister killed in helicopter crash, Zero money equals zero safety: A Ukrainian couples finances, Ukraine interior minister among 14 killed in helicopter crash, Russia is exporting terror, says Ukraines Zelenskyy at Davos, Russia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 329, Top Ukraine, US military leaders meet over urgent needs, Serbia slams Russias Wagner group for Ukraine recruitment bid, Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Please select which sections you would like to print: Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. ), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020 est. $535.579 billion (2021 est. U.S. citizens seeking to depart Ukraine can call 1-833-741-2777 (in the U.S.) or 1-606-260-4379 (from overseas). )27.2 (2018 est. Ukraine - The Latest News from the UK and Around the World | Sky News Ukraine Eyewitness Soledar may have fallen - but Ukraine says Russia has lost large number of troops for not much gain Eyewitness Culture of silence as Russians warned of being pawns in propaganda battle 4:05 What Russia's Soledar push means Podcast Russian leaders remarks come as Kyiv grapples with the loss of its interior minister in a deadly helicopter crash. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), Danube (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Czechia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Dnieper river mouth (shared with Russia [s] and Belarus) - 2,287 km; Dniester river source and mouth (shared with Moldova) - 1,411 km; Vistula (shared with Poland [s/m] and Belarus) - 1,213 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), Don (458,694 sq km), Dnieper (533,966 sq km), densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; noteable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa, strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.). WebThe online platform, UkrainaDating, is one of the most amazing Ukrainian dating site you can ever come across when it comes to meeting with beautiful Ukrainian girls. note: data are in current year dollars$63.085 billion (2020 est.) )$517.968 billion (2020 est. Its Ukraine a place to explore and to fall in love with right NOW! )3.4% of GDP (2019) (approximately $9.7 billion)3.1% of GDP (2018) (approximately $8.87 billion)3.1% of GDP (2017) (approximately $8.54 billion), up to 700,000 active duty personnel, including the Armed Forces, Territorial Defense Forces, National Guard, and State Border Guard (July 2022)note 1: following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, President ZELENSKY announced a general mobilization of the country; prior to the invasion, approximately 200,000 active Armed Forces troops (125,000 Army; 25,000 Airborne/Air Assault Forces; 2,000 Special Operations Forces; 10,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force); approximately 50,000 National Guard; approximately 40,000 State Border Guard, the Ukrainian military is equipped mostly with Russian-origin and Soviet-era weapons systems; since the Russian invasion in February 2022, it has received considerable quantities of weapons, including more modern Western systems, from European countries and the US; Ukraine has a broad defense industry capable of building, maintaining, and upgrading a variety of Soviet-era weapons systems, including armored vehicles, combat aircraft, missiles, and air defense systems (2022), conscription abolished in 2012, but reintroduced in 2014; 20-27 years of age for compulsory military service; prior to the Russian invasion of February 2022, conscript service obligation was 12-18 months, depending on the service (2022)note 1: following the Russian invasion in 2022, all nonexempt men ages 18 to 60 were required to register with their local recruitment offices and undergo medical screening for possible service; the Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) accepts volunteers, 18-60 years of age; since the invasion, hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have volunteered for the regular armed forces, the TDF, or to work in civilian defense activitiesnote 2: women have been able to volunteer for military service since 1993; as of September 2022, approximately 50,000 were servingnote 3: since 2015, the Ukrainian military has allowed foreigners and stateless persons, 18-45 (in special cases up to 60), to join on 3-5-year contracts, based on qualifications; following the Russian invasion in 2022, the military began accepting medically fit foreign volunteers on a larger scale, with an emphasis on persons with combat experience; wartime volunteers serve in the International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine, typically for 6 months, note: prior to the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine contributed about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation, Ukraine has a relationship with NATO dating back to the early 1990s when Ukraine joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991) and the Partnership for Peace program (1994); the relationship intensified in the wake of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict and Russian seizure of Crimea to include NATO support for Ukrainian military capabilities development and capacity-building; NATO further increased its support to the Ukrainian military following Russias full-scale invasion in 2022 (2022), Ukraine-Belarus: in 1997, Ukraine and Belarus signed a boundary delimitation treaty; the instruments of ratification were exchanged in 2013; a joint commission should be established to enable the actual demarcation to begin, Ukraine-Hungary: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Hungary to escape the Russian invasion in their country, Ukraine-Moldova: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Moldova to escape the Russian invasion in their country; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops, Ukraine-Poland: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Poland to escape the Russian invasion in their country, Ukraine-Romania: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Romania to escape the Russian invasion in their country, the ICJ in 2009 ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, Ukraine-Russia: the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia, Ukraine-Slovakia: tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion of their country, 1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 5.91 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of 5 December 2022); note the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine, a transit country for illicit drug trafficking into the European Union due to its location amidst several important trafficking routes into western Europe, ports on the Black and Azov seas, extensive river routes, and porous northern and eastern borders; South American cocaine moves through Ukrainian seaports and airports; amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories supply the local market, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Kyiv: Saint Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). White House announces more )imports of goods and services: -55.6% (2017 est. Some say the time of the tank is over, but Ukraine needs the weapons to push Russia out of its territory. Share and discuss and her glorious people, history, geography, language, art, culture, values, and experiences during wartime. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. )industry: 28.6% (2017 est. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine is divided into 24 provinces (oblast), 1 autonomous republic (avtonomna respublika) and 2 municipalities (mista). WebUkraine ( Ukrainian: , romanized : Ukrana, pronounced [krjin] ( listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe. 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